Ch 1: Mughal Empire: The Foundation
Short Q/A
Q1: In the history of India, how Humayun
regained his lost kingdom?
Ans: After the death of Sher Shah Suri his
successor proved very weak and timid. Humayun defeated Adil Shah and regained
his lost kingdom very easily.
Q2: Write down two reasons of Babar’s
invasion on India.
Ans: Two main reasons of Babar’s invasion on India
are as under.
1. Daulat Khan Lodhi invited Babar to attack
subcontinent and assured him his help.
2. Babar wanted to extend his empire. Firstly
he captured Kabil and Kandhar, now he wanted to capture subcontinent.
Q3: How Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun
in the battle of Kanauj?
Ans: Sher Shah Suri went to Kanauj and camped at
his favorite spot. Humayun was forced to camp his troops in a downgrade place.
Meanwhile rainfall started and Humayun’s camp came under water. While his
soldiers were busy in changing their camping site, Sher Shah Suri suddenly
attacked and Humayun’s soldiers left the battle field without any fight.
Q4: In the reign of Sher Shah Suri which
two basic officials were appointed to run official affairs?
Ans: There were two main officials appointed to run
the affair of the government. Head shiqdar and Head Munsif.
Q5: Which social welfare institutions
were established by Sher Shah Suri?
Ans: He established many institutions of public
welfare where free food was provided for poor all time. He also constructed
hospitals and schools to educate his people.
Long Q/A
Q1: In which circumstances and why Zaheeruddin
Babar came to India?
Ans: Zaheeruddin Babar made small incursions
between 1516-24 AD to get information about geo-political situation of the
region. At that time northern areas of the sub-continent were under the sway of
Ibrahim Lodhi who had some serious problems for himself through his personal
attitude and political ambitions. Daulat Khan Lodhi got so much irritated that
he invited Babar to attack and promised his help. Babar accepted his invitation
of Daulat Khan Lodhi and marched against Lahore. In 1524 AD he defeated the army of Ibrahim
Lodhi and got the hold of Lahore. After departure of Babar, Daulat Khan Lodhi
once again got hold of all Punjab. On hearing this Babar decided to launch an
attack on India himself. It was hard for Daulat Khan Lodhi to stand against Babar,
so he at once showed his submission. Ibrahim Lodhi assembled a large army and
reached the battlefield of Panipat. This battle was fought in April 1526 AD and Babar won it. After vanquishing Delhi,
Babar entered into Agra as a conqueror.
Q2: Write down the situation of battles
with Rajputs and Afghans.
Ans: Ruler of Mewar Rana Sanga was one of the
person who instigated Babar to run over India. Rana Sanga thought that Babar
would return after sacking and plunder. He would be able to establish a Rajput
state in a crises caused by his departure. Babar’s decision to take a permanent
residence in India perturbed the ambitions of Rana Sanga, so he decided to
expel him from India.
Armies of Babar and Rana Sanga confronted
each other in the battlefield of Kanwaha near Agra. Army of Rana Sanga was more
than ten million which caused some fear among Babar’s army. Soldiers were
dismayed. In this situation Babar gave a stirring speech wich gave a new energy
to the army. They all took oath on the Holy Quran to fight till their last
breath. His artilleryry caused a great disorder in Rana Sanga’s army who was
very upset with this state of affairs. Rana Sanga was caught while escaping
from the battlefield and was put to death.
After success in Kanwaha, Babar marched towards
Chanderi where a general of Rana Sanga was making preparation to fight. Babar
defeated him. After defeat in Panipat and battle of Ghagara, Afghans had
quickened their activities in Bihar and Bengall, where the brother of Ibrahim
Lodhi had announced himself as king. Babar defeated him at Ghagara.
Q3: How Humayun encountered the Afghan challenge?
Also discuss his banishment and return.
Ans: Mehmood Lodhi attacked Jaunpur and expelled
its governer. Humayun advanced upon Jaunpur defeated Mehmood Ladhi and forced
him out to Bihar and captured Jaunpur. Humayun continued his advance and
besieged Chunar where at that time Sher Shah Suri was dominant. Sher Shah Suri
had strengthened his position in Bihar. Sher Shah Suri consolidated his
position and made many hurdles for Humayun. Humayun started preparations for
war in Kanauj. Sher Shah Suri went to Kanauj and camped at his favorite spot.
Humayun was forced to camp his troops in a downgrade place. Meanwhile rainfall
started and Humayun’s camp came under water. While his soldiers were busy in
changing their camping site, Sher Shah Suri suddenly attacked and Humayun’s
soldiers left the battle field without any fight.
Exile of Humayun: After his defeat at Kanauj, Humayun faced
many hardships in reaching Agra. Sher Shah was following him. Humayun turned
toward Delhi to escape arrest. Soon after Humayun’s departure. Sher Shah Suri
captured Agra. In those days his brother Mirza Askari was governer of Kandhar.
He gave him no help rather tried to arrest him. Humayun saved his life by
fleeing to Iran. Iran had a strong kingdom at that time. Mughals had better
relations with the ruler of Iran. When shah heard about hardships of Humayun,
he ordered the governors to give him respects during his journey.
Return of Humayun: After the death of Sher Shah Suri, his
successor Saleem Shah Suri assumed the throne. After his death country was engulfed in schism. This
situation was favorable to Humayun. In1554 AD he captured Peshawar. Humayun
captured Lahore in 1555 AD and then took Delhi. Thus Humayun got his lost
kingdom back.
Q4: How Sher Shah Suri got the throne and
strengthened his rule?
Ans: Real name of Sher Shah Suri was Farid Khan. He
was born in 1486 AD. His father name was Hassan Khan Suri. After the exile of
Humayun Sher Shah Suri was the alone ruler of Bengal. Bihar, Jaunpur and Agra.
But he was feeling the need for more conquests to make his kingdom safe and
free from dangers. First of all he conquered the Punjab. In 1541-42 AD after
capturing Bengal and Malwa, Sher Shah Suri won many battles in Rajputana.
Sher Shah Suri encountred the raja’s army
near Ajmer. In 1539 AD he defeated Humayun’s army and became ruler. In 1545 AD,
Sher Shah strike against Kalinjar with full force. Fire balls were being hurled
on the rampart. Sher Shah Suri was burnt
in this expedition. His dead body was brought to Sasram where it was laid in a
tomb.
Q5: Write down the details of Sher Shah
Suri’s administrative structure, communication system and welfare institutions.
Ans: Sher Shah Suri ruled for five years.
Administration
of the Empire:
Empire was administratively divided into
province, sarkar, pargana, tehsil and village.
1. Governer: Head of province was called Subedar
(governor)
2. Head Shiqdar: Head Shiqdar was incharge of
administrative matters. He was responsible
for law and order.
3. Head Munsif: Head Munsif was responsible for settling
the lawsuits.
4. Appointments of Officials: Sher Shah Suri used to transfer his
officials after every two or three years.
5. Pinchayat System: Pinchayat was a council or institution
in which community leaders or whole village
decided their collective or indivisual matters.
6. Police System:
Sher Shah Suri gave the responsibility of law and order to Muqaddam or
chaudhry of the area.
7. Intelligence system: To enhance the effectiveness of
administration, Sher Shah Suri reformed the intelligence system.
8. Military reforms: Sher Shah Suri directly his army. He
himself was incharge of recruitment of all soldiers.
9. Financial system: Sher Shah Suri took different measures
in financial system. He made system to measure land, a rate was fixed for
revenue and an officer was appointed to collect revenue.
10. Tax and currency system: Sher Shah Suri paid attention towards
streamlining the currency system to solve the problems of payment in import and
export.
11. System of justice: Sher Shah Suri tried to fulfill the
demands of justice in every matter of life without any discrimination.
Means of
Communication
Sher Shah Suri constructed a highway from
Bengal to Khyber (Grand Truck Road) for making travelling easy and safe. He
joined Agra with Banaras through a road and another was extended to Chitaur and
Jaudhpur. He planted trees along road and constructed wells at regular
intervals to provide shade and water to travelers.
Institution
of social welfare
He established many institutions of
public welfare where free food was provided for poor all time. He also
constructed hospitals and schools to educate his people.
Q6: Describe the successors of Sher Shah
Suri and their downfall.
Ans: In 1545 AD, on the death of Sher Shah Suri,
his elder son Saleem Shah Suri was enthroned. He carried on the works initiated
by his father during his eight year period. He was a good administrator and
experience general. Saleem Shah Suri died in 1553 AD and his twelve year old
son Feroz Shah Suri was declared as king, but his maternal uncle killed him and
became king under the title of Adil Shah. Adil Shah was a timid person and
incapable of running official business of the state. During this period,
subcontinent was disintegrating administratively and politically. Adil Shah
could not control the rebellions. In Punjab, Sikndar Suri declared himself a
ruler. Internal disintegration of the government gave Humayun some courage. He
first defeated Sikandar Suri in Punjab and then advanced to capture Delhi and
Agra. After the death of Humayun his son Akbar was enthroned.
Ch 1: Physical State of the Earth
Short Q/A
Q1: Give two reasons for earthquake.
Ans: Following are the two main reasons of
earthquake.
1. Most of earthquakes occur due to the
movement of tectonic plates.
2. Earthquakes also occur due to volcanism.
Q2: Write down the names of internal
parts of Earth.
Ans: The internal part of Earth is divided into
three important parts. Crust, Mantle and Core.
Q3: Write down the names of big plates of
Earth.
Ans: The names of big plates are:
1. Pacific plate 2. North American plate 3. South American plate
4 Eurasian plate 5. African plate 6.
Australian plate 7. Antarctica plate
Q4: What is volcanism?
Ans: The eruption of hot semi-solid matter (Magma)
from the surface of earth is known as Volcanism
Q5: What is meaning of “Ring of Fire”?
Ans: Most of the earthquakes occur in the surrunding
areas of Pacific Ocean. This portion is known as Ring of Fire.
Long Q/A
Q1: Explain the composition of Earth’s
interior.
Ans: The internal part of earth is divided into
three important parts i.e Crust, Mantle and Core.
1. Crust (Outrer
Surface): The
surface of earth consits of water and dry land. Its thickness is not uniform.
The upper most and less thick spehere of earth is known as crust. Its thickness
is between 8 to 40 kilometers. Crust is divided into two parts. The upper part
is known as continental crust and lower part is known as oceanic crust. The
continental crust consists of a number os land masses, known as continents.
Continental crust is made of Silicon and aluminum, therefore, it is also known
as Sial. Oceanic crust is made of silicon, iron and magnesium, therefore it is
also known as Sima. This part of earth is rich in minerals.
2. Mantle (Middle
layer): Mantle
is below the crust. It consists of two layers. Upper mantle is 670 kilometeres
thick. In this layer, most of rocks are in molten state. Below the upper mantle
is lower mantle which is hard and solid. It mostly consits of Iron, silicon and
magnesium. Its thickness is 2230 kilometers.
3. Core (Internal
part): The sphere present
under mantle is called core. It also consists of two parts. i.e external core
and internal core. External core is in liquid form below the mantle. It mostly
consists of molten rocks. Its thickness is 2250 kilometeres. Internal core is
made of nickel and iron. It is also known as “Nife”. This name is drived from the
initial two letters of “Nickle” and “Ferrous (Iron)”. The internal core is
solid. It is the heaviest among all spheres. Its thickness is 1220 kilometeres.
Q2: Describe the type of faults.
Ans: Big cracks or clefts in the earths’ crust are
known as faults. Following are the types of faults.
1. Normal Fault: In normal fault, part of the crust in
opposite direction. Due to the removal of upper layers, lava comes out through
the weak portion of earth and volcanic eruption occurs.
2. Transform faults: When pieces of plates move forward and
backward they rub against each other. Such types of fault is called tranform
faults. In this fault no part of earth moves up or down.
3. Reverse fault: Reverse faults occur when plates move
towards each other. Due to the pressure between plates, earthquake and eruption
of volcanoes occur. In this way the plates come close to each other and usually
mountain is formed.
Q3: Discuss the effects of earthquakes.
Ans: Effects of earthquakes are as under.
v Building are destroyed, people are
injured and there is loss of lives and materials.
v The sources of irrigation are affected
and standing crops are destroyed.
v The system of electricity, water and gas
is disturbed.
v Some times, there is a fire due to
electricity and gas problems.
v Hurdless occur in the activities of
rescue.
v There are also threats of flood.
v The facilities of transportation are
disturb after the distruction of bridge.
Q4: Discuss the instruments used to
measure earthquakes.
Ans: The instrument used to measure the intensity
of earthquake is known as Seismogrph. The intensity of earthquake is measured
by a scale called Ricther Scale. Its measurement is from 1 to 10. If the
earthquake is more intense, the Ritcher Scale shows big value.
Q6: Analyze volcanism and its effects.
Ans: The eruption of hot-semi-solid matter (Magma)
from the surface of earth is known as volcanism.
Effects
of Volcanism
1. Volcanoes are formed due to
volcanism.these volcanos keep on growing by the deposition of lawa layers and
repeted volcanism. Such features are found on edges of earth plates.
2. The matters gases and dust etc which come
out from volcanoes cause environmental pollution is nearby areas. The pollution
affacts human and plants lives.
3. Some times clouds of different gases are
released rapidly during volcanism. Due to high temperature, a part of volcano
brust with thunder and gases are released along with the other matter.
Q7: Explain the types of volcanoes and
their distribution.
Ans: Types of volcanoes are as under:
1. Active volcanoes: The volcanoes in which the volcanism
continues are known as active volcanoes. These volcaones ofter keep on
errupting lava e.g. Fujiyama (Japan), Visuvous (Italy) etc.
2. Dormat volcanoes: A long period has gone since the eruption
of lava have dormat volcanoes but volcanism can occur any time in these
volcanoes. Such volcanoes are very dangerous.
3. Extinct Volcanoes: In some volcanoes the eruption of lava
has stopped and there are no chance of eruption of lava in future. These are
known as extinct volcanoes.
Distribution of volcanism
Volcanoes are found on the cracks of
earth plates. Most of volcanoes of the world are found in surrounidngs areas at
pacific ocean. Coastal areas of pacific ocean, in particular the eastern
island are mostly formed due to
volcanism. This portion is also known as Ring of Fire. Trans Eurasion is socond
important area where volcanoes are found. It has Austrailian plates, Eurasion
plate and middle part of pacific ocean plate. The third important area of
volcanoes is the area of between ocean. It is between Atlantic and Indian
ocean. This rocky area has been formed
due to volcanism. It is also know as mid-atlantic ridge.
Ch 4: Atmospheric Temperature
Short Q/A
Q1: Define temperature.
Ans: The degree of hotness and coldness of a particular
place is known as temperature.
Q2: Give names of instruments and scales
to measure temperature.
Ans: Two scales are used to measure the degrees of
temperature.
1. Celsius scale
2. Fahrenheit scale
Q3: What is meaning of Isotherm?
Ans: Isotherms help to mention the horizontal
distribution of temperature. These lines join the areas of the same temperature
on map.
Long Q/A
Q1: Explain the horizontal distribution
of temperature.
Ans: Equatorial region remains hot througout the
year and average temperature is 320 C. on contrary arctic regions remain very cold
and temperature remains below freezing point. Such uqueal distribution of
temeprature on the surface of earth is known as horizontal distribution of
temperature. On the basis of horizontal distribution of temperature the surface
of earth is divided into three zones.
1. Tropical zone: It is hot region which extends on both
sides of equator. It extendes from the tropic of cancer on northern side to the
tropic of capricorn on southern side.
2. Temperate zone: Temperate zone extends from the tropic
of cancer to mid of arctic circle of northern side and from the tropic of capricorn
to mid of Antarctic circle on southern side. This region is neither too cold
nor too cold.
3. Torrid zone: In northern hemisphere, Torrid zone
extends between arctic circle and north pole and in southern hemisphere it
extends between Antarctic cirlce and south pole. This region is very cold.
Q2: Explain the vertical distribution of
temperature.
Ans: Earth heats the lower portion of atmosphere.
Then this heat reaches the upper portion of atmosphere. It proves why the lower atmosphere is more hot and as we move
upwards temperature keeps on falling. This is known as the vertical
distribution of temeprature. The temperature decreases by 6.5 degree centigrade
at every thousand metre high. At dawn and sunset the su n rays fall on earth in curved manner, so there is less heat. At 12
O’ clock of noon, the sun rays fall vertically on earth so there is more heat.
Q3: Elaborate the factors which change
temperature.
Ans: Following factors influence the temeprature.
1. Water and dryness: The pecentage of water and dryness on
earth surface is 71% and 29% respectively. The dry places or continents are
heated rapidly. During summer, the dry place becomes much hotter than the water
area. It is due to the differnce in the structure of earth.
2. Sun rays: Sun rays fall directly on equatorial region, due to which they give
more heat. Sun rays fall in curved manner in polar regions, due to which these
regions have low temperature.
3. Winds and currents: Winds flow from hot to cold and from
cold hot regions. It results in temperature fluctuation. Sea currents also
travel from hot to cold and from cold to hot regions. When a hot wave reaches a
cold area, it increases temperature of that area.
4. Clouds: Clouds reflect most of the sun rays and
allow a few sun rays to reach earth. It reduces the temperature of earth.
Therefore, the cloudy areas have low temperature.
5. Coastal Regions: Coastal regions do not have even if they
are near equator. It is due to sea breeze.
Ch 10: Trade
Short Q/A
Q1: What is meant by domestic and
international trade?
Ans: Exchange of goods and services within the
boundaries of a country is called
domestic trade and exchange of capital, goods and services across the
international borders or territories is called international trade.
Q2: Write the names of three major
imports and exports of Pakistan.
Ans: Major imports of Pakistan are: Petroleum and
its products, Tea and Edible Oil, Machinery and Raw material, Iron, Steel and
Its products, Chemical Fertilizers.
Major exports of Pakistan are: Cotton,
Rice, Cotton Yarn and Cotton Cloth, Carpets, Leather, Fruits, Surgical, sports
goods, shoes etc.
Q3: Define balance of trade.
Ans: Difference in value over a period time between
a nation’s imports and exports of visible goods and services is called balance
of trade.
Long Q/A
Q1: Describe major factors that affect
international trade.
Ans: Major factors influencing the international
trade are described below.
1. Markets: Every country is always in search of new
markets to sell its goods and earn foreign exchange. This is age of
competition. Any country can get attention by manufacturing quality goods.
2. Means of
transportation: Dependable
and fast means of transportation are essential for international trade. Most of
the international trade is carried through sea routes. Countries located near
seas enjoy comaratively low cost and easy foreign trade.
3. Population: Population is also one of the factors
influencing international trade. A
country with less population is able to export surplus products. Special skills
of people are also a contributing factor in a country’s trade.
4. Quota system and
government policies: Quota system is imposed to balance the international trade. Different
countries can trade according to their quota. Domestic political situation and
government policies also affect the international trade.
Q2: Describe the major exports of
Pakistan.
Ans: Pakistan is essentially an agricultural
country. Major exports of Pakistan are as under.
1. Cotton: Cotton is back bone of Pakistani
economy. Japan, China, Singapore and Italy etc are major buyers of Pakistani
cotton.
2. Rice: Second biggest export item of Pakistan
is rice. Dubai, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Turkey, Sri Lanka and Iran etc are main
importers of rice from Pakistan.
3. Cotton yarn and
cotton cloth: Cotton
yarn is another important export item of Pakistan. Japan, China, Germany and
Hong Kong buy cotton from Pakistan. Cotton cloth is also an important export of
Pakistan. UK, USA , Russia and Iran etc buy cotton cloth from Pakistan.
4. Carpets: Pakistani carpets are most favourite
because of their high quality and excellent design. Carpets of Pakistan are
exported to Germany, France , USA, UK, Italy etc.
5. Leather and its
products: Leather
products of best quality e.g handbags, purses, belts, jackets etc are exported
to Italy, Japan, Russia, China etc.
6. Miscellaneous
exports: Pakistan
is exporting many products to other countries, like fruits, surgical
equipments, readymade, garments, hosiery, towels, sports goods, shoes etc.
Q3: Describe the major imports of
Pakistan.
Ans: Main imports of Pakistan are described below.
1. Petroleum and its
products:
Production of petroleum in Pakistan is not sufficient. So a large amount of foreign
exchange is spent for the import of petroleum and its products. Pakistan
imports petrol, diesel and petroleum products from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Abu
Dhabi, Iran, Iraq.
2. Tea and edible oil: Pakistan imports edible oil mostly from
USA, Sri Lanka and Malaysia. Use of tea is high in Pakistan. Most of tea is
imported from Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
3. Machinery and Raw
Material: Pakistan
is forced to import machinery and raw material for the development of different
industrial sectors.
4. Iron, steel and its
products: Pakistan
is endowed with vast reserves of iron. Although Karachi Steel mill is working
but it is unable to meet domestic demands. To meet the domestic demands and to
run factories iron, steel and its products are imported from Germany, Belgium,
UK, France, USA, Japan and Australia.
5. Chemical
fertilizers: Pakistan
is an agricultural country. Chemical fertilizers play an important role in
development of agricultural sector. Some kinds of fertilizers are imported from
Iraq, Tunis, Italy and USA.
6. Miscellaneous
imports: Besides
above mentioned imports medicines, paints, electric appliances, paper and
stationery are also imported from other countries.
Ch 3: Mughal Empire: Socio-Cultural
conditions
Short Q/A
Q1: Who was the founder of Sikhism?
Ans: Baba Guru Nanak was the founder of Sikhism.
Q2: How Mughal emperors won the loyalties
of their subjects?
Ans: Mughal emperors won the loyalties of their
subjects due to the religious policies.
Q3: What was the functions of
sadr-al-sudur?
Ans: He was responsible of superintending the
seminaries, fixing the allownces and scholarships of intellectuals, religious
scholars ans students.
Q4: Which five officials were appointed
in Pargana?
Ans: Following five officers were appointed in each
pargana.
1. Shiqdar: Maintend law and order in Pargana.
2. Munsif: Performed the duties of judge in
Pargana.
3. Muqadam (Amin): Collected revenue in Pargana.
4. Fota Dar: Functioned as revenue collector in
Pargana.
5. Qanungo: Maintained the records of cultivatable
lands.
Q5: What were the responsibilities of
Diwan, appointed in province by centre?
Ans: Diwan was incharge of financial matters,
maintaing the records of income and expendeture, and report to emperor or
central Diwan about financial situation of the province.
Long Q/A
Q1: Describe the religious policies of
the Mughal emperors.
Ans: In Mughal period, special attention was paid
to interfaith harmony and tolerance. Friendly behaviour and accommodating
policy of Mughal emperors impressed the non-Muslim deeply. Mughal emperors rooted out the discontetment and bias. Akbar
appointed the non-Muslims on high importance, as well as persian. The lives and
property on non-Muslims was also secure. Non- Muslims were recruited in Mughal
army. We can say that religious of Mughal emperors won the hearts and souls of
all their subjects.
Q2: Highlight the role of Hazrat Mujadid
Alif Sani RA in the diffusing the influence of Bhakti movement and
Din-e-Illahi.
Ans: Hindues like Ramanuja, Ramanan and Bhagat
Kabir adopted the monotheism of Muslims and intiated a movement which ridiculed
the fake piety of pandits and mulllahs. They forged a middle path between Islam
and Hinduism by preaching that Ram and Raheem are two different names of one
and same diety. Bhakti movement was very powerful in the time of Hazrat Mujadid
Alif Sani R.A. in a letter to a hindu named hirday. He condemned and refused
and refuted these ideas in clear terms.
Opposition of Akbar’s Din-e-Illahi: Through written letters. He advised the court
officials to follow Islam Shariah. The negative propoganda by the fellows of
Akbar that Islam is an old religion and now there is need of some new religion.
Hazrat Mujadid R.A and his companions demonstrated a practical example of
adding the shariah. They reiterated that Islam is as fresh and beneficial as it
was centuries ago.
Q3: Describe the salient feature of
Sikhism.
Ans: Founder of Sikhism was Baba Guru Nanak was
born in 1469 AD at Nankana Sahib in Punjab. His father Mehta Kalu was a hindu.
Teachings of hinduism could not impress Baba Guru Nanak. He founded a new
religion Sikhism. His teachings are recorded in Guru Granth Sahib. He was
deeply impressed by Muslims mystic. He instructed his followers to forget all
racial biases belive of God and fellow the principles of equality. Sikhs ruled
punjab from 1801 to 1849 AD. Famous raja during Sikh rule was Maharaja Ranjit
Singh who died in 1839 AD.
Q4: Anaylaze the social and cultural
conditions in Mughal period.
Ans: Mughals emperors adopted the golden principles
of Islam. Equality and justice, accountability and anserability to law. These
principles were a cause of pleasure for non-muslims society was based on
principle of human equality and brotherhood. Just and equitable system of Islam
impressed the hindues deeply. Muslims treated them very fairly. They enjoyed
full religious freedom in going to their temples and offering their worship. Equal opportunities
were provided to everyone. Even a slave was able to reach a high social status
on the basis of his intelligent and abilities.
Q5: Describe the architecture of Mughal
period.
Ans: Many buildings constructed by Mughal emperors
are masterpiece of art like Taj Mehal, Agra, Red Fort Delhim, congregation
mosque, Shalimar garden, Badshahi mosque Lahore, Wazir Khan mosque etc. all
these buildings are unique in their style and design. Tourists from all over
the world visit there.
Q6: Describe the educational system of
Mughal period.
Ans: Every Mughal emperor considered education as
his religious obligation. Mughal emperors established schools in different
parts where free eduction was imparted and prominent to spread the light of
knowledge. Agra, Delhi, Lahore, Ambala etc were centres of Islamic learning and
eduction during Mughal Period. Akbar
compiled a book to instruct children. Many schools were built at lahore, Agra,
Fatehpur Sikri and other citiies. Janagir was considered an authority in
natural sciences. Jahangir reopend abandoned schools. Shah Jahan too had very
good taste for knowledge and scholarship. He established a mangnificent
seminary in congregation mosque of Delhi. Muhammad Shah Rangeela also paid
attention towards establishment of schools.
Q9: Discuss the contribution of Muhghal
emperors in the field of historiography.
Ans: Mughal emperors paid attention to
historiography.
1. Tuzak-e-Babri: Tuzak-e-Babri is a famous book of
history written by Zaheruddin Muhmammad Babur, the founder of Mughal empirte.
He described conditions and ovservations of his own times. This book inform us
about the events, situation and history of his period. It is counted among
authentic history book.
2. Tuzak-e-Jahangiri: Nuruddin Muhammad Janagir wrote his
autobiography, Tuzak-e-Jahangiri which is now considered one of the authentic
sources about that period.
3. Other books of
history: Other
important history books of Mughal period are Humayun Nama, Akbar Nama and
Badsha Nama.
Paper Pattern History, Geography
Objective 20 Marks
|
Subjective 30 Marks
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||
MCQs
|
05
|
Short Q/A (5 out of 7)
4 Q from Geography, 3 from History
|
10
Marks
|
Fill in the blanks
|
05
|
||
True False
|
05
|
Long Q/A (4 out of 6)
4 from Geography, 2 from History
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5 x 4 =
20 Marks
|
Match
the columns
|
05
|
||
